Pluto en Proserpina

1577

Move to Haarlem

He followed Coornhert to Haarlem, where he remained for the rest of his life. There the publisher Philips Galle hired him to engrave a series of prints on the story of Lucretia; in the following years Goltzius engraved after the designs of other artists for Coornhert and for Antwerp publishers.

c. 1584

Meeting Karel van Mander

He met the painter and his future biographer Karel van Mander, a refugee from Flanders, who introduced him to the drawings of Bartholomeus Spranger, then working in Prague for Rudolf II. Spranger's works exerted a significant influence on Goltzius's art.

1587

Founding of the Haarlem Academy

Together with Cornelis van Haarlem and Karel van Mander he founded an academy of art in Haarlem, later known as the Haarlem Mannerist Academy (some sources give 1583 or 1600). There, for the first time in the Netherlands, systematic study of anatomy and drawing from the nude model were introduced.

1590

Departure for Italy

He fled from his wife and, despite his illnesses, set out for Italy — via Hamburg and Munich to Venice, Bologna and Florence. Part of the way he traveled on foot, passing himself off as a commoner, "partly out of a love of mystification."

January 1591

Eight months in Rome

He arrived in Rome in January 1591 and stayed eight months (with a brief sojourn in Naples). He discovered Raphael, was especially impressed by Michelangelo and Giambologna, and studied art from classical sculpture to the masters of the Renaissance.

c. 1600

Abandoning engraving for painting

Around 1600, partial paralysis of his right hand (maimed in childhood in a fall onto burning coals) forced Goltzius to give up engraving and turn to painting; he handed over his print publishing to his stepson Jacob Matham. About fifty surviving paintings are attributed to him.